Monocrystalline silicon is an infrared optical material with excellent comprehensive cost performance. Optical grade Czochralski silicon (OCZ-Si) as a transmission grade material is widely used in the mid-infrared (3-5um) band, and the infrared transmittance exceeds 50%. Zone-melted monocrystalline silicon can be used in a wider band (1-14um), and high-purity zone-melted monocrystalline silicon (HPFZ-Si) can even be used in the far infrared band (greater than 30um). The choice of silicon type depends on the wavelength range, component thickness and specific application.
Single crystal silicon is a chemically inert material with high hardness and insoluble in water. It has good light transmission performance in the 1.2-7μm band, and it also has good light transmission in the far infrared band 300-300μm. Performance, which is a feature that other optical and infrared materials do not have. Silicon (Si) single crystals are usually used in the substrate of 3-5μm mid-wave infrared optical windows and optical filters. Because of the material's good thermal conductivity and low density, It is also a common material for making laser mirrors. The density of monocrystalline silicon is 2.316g/cm³, and the Knoop hardness is 1150, which is harder and less fragile than germanium.
Crystallographic | Growth Method | CZ OR FZ |
Purity | >99.9999% | |
Optical | Refractive Index at n3.0 | 3.436 |
Refractive Index at n5.0 | 3.426 | |
Thermal Coefficient of Refractive Index at 25 ℃ | 1.50 x 10-4 | |
Transmission Range, microns | 1.2 - 10, 50 - 100 | |
Thermal | Thermal Linear Expansion, ℃-1 for 25 ℃ | 2.55 x 10-6 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m * ℃) at 27 ℃ | 159 | |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/(kg * ℃) | 0.712 x 103 | |
Melting Point, ℃ | 1412 | |
Mechanical | Density, g/cm3 at 20 ℃ | 2.33 |
Mohs Hardness | 7 | |
Young Modulus (E), Pa | 1.89 x 1010 | |
Shear Modulus (G), Pa | 7.99 x 1010 | |
Poisson Ratio | 0.266 | |
Chemical | Molecular Weight | 28.09 |
Molecular Weight | insoluble |
Ref. Index vs. Wavelength λ
Wavelength, Microns | Refractive Index |
1.5 | 3.484 |
2.0 | 3.456 |
3.0 | 3.436 |
4.0 | 3.429 |
5.0 | 3.426 |
6.0 | 3.424 |
7.0 | 3.423 |
8.0 | 3.422 |
9.0 | 3.422 |
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